Papers and Proceedings

Papers and Proceedings on Economics

This series provides detailed analyses on the topics of SMEs, start-ups, innovations and sustainability.

KfW Research Position Paper March 2025: Managing the transition, strengthening growth
Let it sink in: New governance and finance structures are needed to scale up carbon dioxide removals
The Climate Financing Roadmap – How Development Finance Institutions Can Build Bridges to Unlock Private Capital
KfW Research Position Paper November 2022: A boost in investment for the transformation – what exactly is needed?
Between Economic Growth and Climate Change
KfW Research Position Paper August 2021: Emerging stronger from the coronavirus crisis – five areas of action for a sustainable transformation
The African private sector in the COVID-19 crisis: impacts, responses and perspectives
KfW Venture Capital Study 2020 – VC market Germany: Ready for the next development stage
KfW Research Position Paper August 2020 – Where to from here? The crucial next steps in the coronavirus crisis
KfW Research Position Paper May 2020 – The crisis as a catalyst for more sustainable economic management
Evaluation of the KfW Programme ERP Digitalisation and Innovation Loan (Executive Summary)
European SME Survey 2019 – Going Digital
International migration in a long-term perspective
KfW Start-up Report 2018 – Number of start-up founders increased to 108,000 in 2017
Internationalisation of European SMEs – Taking Stock and Moving Ahead
Building Momentum in Venture Capital across Europe – France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom
Regulation of Promotional Banks and potential impacts
SME Investment and Innovation – France, Germany, Italy and Spain
Critique of accommodating central bank policies and the 'expropriation of the saver' – A review
Export and import activities of young German enterprises (Executive Summary)
KfW Sustainability Indicator 2013
New or old? Comparing entrepreneurs founding a new venture to those taking over an existing business
Young and innovative, seeking … loan Financing young companies which invest in R&D
Barriers and obstacles in starting a business: Entrepreneurs and prevented entrepreneurs
Minimum expected return of private equity companies: Claims become more modest
KfW Sustainability Indicator 2012
Internationalisation in Germany's SME sector - Step by step to global presence

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Current analyses, indicators and polls on business cycles and the economy, both in Germany and worldwide.